Deep learning, especially convolutional neural networks, has triggered accelerated advancements in computer vision, bringing changes into our daily practice. Furthermore, the standardized deep learning modules (also known as backbone networks), i.e., ResNet and EfficientNet, have enabled efficient and rapid development of new computer vision solutions. Yet, deep learning methods still suffer from several drawbacks. One of the most concerning problems is the high memory and computational cost, such that dedicated computing units, typically GPUs, have to be used for training and development. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a quantifiable evaluation method, the convolutional kernel redundancy measure, which is based on perceived image differences, for guiding the network structure simplification. When applying our method to the chest X-ray image classification problem with ResNet, our method can maintain the performance of the network and reduce the number of parameters from over $23$ million to approximately $128$ thousand (reducing $99.46\%$ of the parameters).

超声使用是因为其成本低，非电离和非侵入性特征，并且已成为基石放射学检查。超声应用程序的研究也扩大了，尤其是通过机器学习的图像分析。但是，超声数据通常仅限于封闭的数据集，只有少数几个公开可用。尽管经常检查器官，但肾脏缺乏公开可用的超声数据集。拟议的开放肾脏超声数据集是第一套公开可用的肾脏B模式超声数据，其中包括用于多级语义分段的注释。它基于5年以上500多名患者的回顾性收集的数据，平均年龄为53.2 +/- 14。7年，体重指数为27.0 +/- 5.4 kg/m2，最常见的原发性疾病是糖尿病，IgA肾病和高血压。有两位专家超声师的视图标签和细粒度的手动注释。值得注意的是，该数据包括天然和移植的肾脏。进行了初始的基准测量测量，证明了一种最先进的算法，该算法达到了肾脏胶囊的骰子Sorenson系数为0.74。该数据集是一个高质量的数据集，包括两组专家注释，图像比以前可用的更大。为了增加获得肾脏超声数据的访问，未来的研究人员可能能够创建用于组织表征，疾病检测和预后的新型图像分析技术。

建模超声斑点对其表征组织特性的能力引起了极大的兴趣。由于斑点取决于潜在的组织结构，因此对其进行建模可能有助于分割或疾病检测等任务。但是，对于通常用于研究功能障碍的移植肾脏，目前尚不清楚哪个统计分布最能表征这种斑点。对于移植肾脏的区域而言，尤其如此：皮质，髓质和中央回声复合物。此外，目前尚不清楚这些分布如何因患者变量（例如年龄，性别，体重指数，原发性疾病或供体类型）而有所不同。这些特征可能会影响斑点建模，鉴于它们对肾脏解剖结构的影响。我们是第一个调查这两个目标的人。 n = 821肾移植受者B模式图像自动使用神经网络自动分段到皮质，髓质和中央回声复合物中。每个区域都安装了七个不同的概率分布。雷利和中族分布的模型参数在这三个区域之间有显着差异（p <= 0.05）。虽然两者都具有极好的合身性，但中田族具有更高的Kullbeck-Leibler Divergence。受体年龄与皮质中的尺度弱相关（Omega：Rho = 0.11，p = 0.004），而体重指数与髓质中的形状微弱相关（M：RHO = 0.08，p = 0.04）。性别，原发性疾病和供体类型均未表现出任何相关性。我们提出，根据我们的发现，中纳卡米分布可用于表征区域性的移植肾脏和大多数患者特征。

We present a dynamic path planning algorithm to navigate an amphibious rotor craft through a concave time-invariant obstacle field while attempting to minimize energy usage. We create a nonlinear quaternion state model that represents the rotor craft dynamics above and below the water. The 6 degree of freedom dynamics used within a layered architecture to generate motion paths for the vehicle to follow and the required control inputs. The rotor craft has a 3 dimensional map of its surroundings that is updated via limited range onboard sensor readings within the current medium (air or water). Path planning is done via PRM and D* Lite.

Nine language-vision AI models trained on web scrapes with the Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) objective are evaluated for evidence of a bias studied by psychologists: the sexual objectification of girls and women, which occurs when a person's human characteristics are disregarded and the person is treated as a body or a collection of body parts. A first experiment uses standardized images of women from the Sexual OBjectification and EMotion Database, and finds that, commensurate with prior research in psychology, human characteristics are disassociated from images of objectified women: the model's recognition of emotional state is mediated by whether the subject is fully or partially clothed. Embedding association tests (EATs) return significant effect sizes for both anger (d >.8) and sadness (d >.5). A second experiment measures the effect in a representative application: an automatic image captioner (Antarctic Captions) includes words denoting emotion less than 50% as often for images of partially clothed women than for images of fully clothed women. A third experiment finds that images of female professionals (scientists, doctors, executives) are likely to be associated with sexual descriptions relative to images of male professionals. A fourth experiment shows that a prompt of "a [age] year old girl" generates sexualized images (as determined by an NSFW classifier) up to 73% of the time for VQGAN-CLIP (age 17), and up to 40% of the time for Stable Diffusion (ages 14 and 18); the corresponding rate for boys never surpasses 9%. The evidence indicates that language-vision AI models trained on automatically collected web scrapes learn biases of sexual objectification, which propagate to downstream applications.

Algorithms that involve both forecasting and optimization are at the core of solutions to many difficult real-world problems, such as in supply chains (inventory optimization), traffic, and in the transition towards carbon-free energy generation in battery/load/production scheduling in sustainable energy systems. Typically, in these scenarios we want to solve an optimization problem that depends on unknown future values, which therefore need to be forecast. As both forecasting and optimization are difficult problems in their own right, relatively few research has been done in this area. This paper presents the findings of the ``IEEE-CIS Technical Challenge on Predict+Optimize for Renewable Energy Scheduling," held in 2021. We present a comparison and evaluation of the seven highest-ranked solutions in the competition, to provide researchers with a benchmark problem and to establish the state of the art for this benchmark, with the aim to foster and facilitate research in this area. The competition used data from the Monash Microgrid, as well as weather data and energy market data. It then focused on two main challenges: forecasting renewable energy production and demand, and obtaining an optimal schedule for the activities (lectures) and on-site batteries that lead to the lowest cost of energy. The most accurate forecasts were obtained by gradient-boosted tree and random forest models, and optimization was mostly performed using mixed integer linear and quadratic programming. The winning method predicted different scenarios and optimized over all scenarios jointly using a sample average approximation method.

We apply the vision transformer, a deep machine learning model build around the attention mechanism, on mel-spectrogram representations of raw audio recordings. When adding mel-based data augmentation techniques and sample-weighting, we achieve comparable performance on both (PRS and CCS challenge) tasks of ComParE21, outperforming most single model baselines. We further introduce overlapping vertical patching and evaluate the influence of parameter configurations. Index Terms: audio classification, attention, mel-spectrogram, unbalanced data-sets, computational paralinguistics

Common to all different kinds of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) is the intention to model relations between data points through time. When there is no immediate relationship between subsequent data points (like when the data points are generated at random, e.g.), we show that RNNs are still able to remember a few data points back into the sequence by memorizing them by heart using standard backpropagation. However, we also show that for classical RNNs, LSTM and GRU networks the distance of data points between recurrent calls that can be reproduced this way is highly limited (compared to even a loose connection between data points) and subject to various constraints imposed by the type and size of the RNN in question. This implies the existence of a hard limit (way below the information-theoretic one) for the distance between related data points within which RNNs are still able to recognize said relation.

The proliferation of automatic faithfulness metrics for summarization has produced a need for benchmarks to evaluate them. While existing benchmarks measure the correlation with human judgements of faithfulness on model-generated summaries, they are insufficient for diagnosing whether metrics are: 1) consistent, i.e., decrease as errors are introduced into a summary, 2) effective on human-written texts, and 3) sensitive to different error types (as summaries can contain multiple errors). To address these needs, we present a benchmark of unfaithful minimal pairs (BUMP), a dataset of 889 human-written, minimally different summary pairs, where a single error (from an ontology of 7 types) is introduced to a summary from the CNN/DailyMail dataset to produce an unfaithful summary. We find BUMP complements existing benchmarks in a number of ways: 1) the summaries in BUMP are harder to discriminate and less probable under SOTA summarization models, 2) BUMP enables measuring the consistency of metrics, and reveals that the most discriminative metrics tend not to be the most consistent, 3) BUMP enables the measurement of metrics' performance on individual error types and highlights areas of weakness for future work.

Earthquakes, fire, and floods often cause structural collapses of buildings. The inspection of damaged buildings poses a high risk for emergency forces or is even impossible, though. We present three recent selected missions of the Robotics Task Force of the German Rescue Robotics Center, where both ground and aerial robots were used to explore destroyed buildings. We describe and reflect the missions as well as the lessons learned that have resulted from them. In order to make robots from research laboratories fit for real operations, realistic test environments were set up for outdoor and indoor use and tested in regular exercises by researchers and emergency forces. Based on this experience, the robots and their control software were significantly improved. Furthermore, top teams of researchers and first responders were formed, each with realistic assessments of the operational and practical suitability of robotic systems.